Development and analysis of a long-term soil moisture data set in three different agroclimatic zones of South Africa

Understanding the potential impacts of climate variability/change on soil moisture is essential for development informed adaptation strategies. However, long-term in-situ measurements are sparse in most countries. The objectives this study were to develop and analyse temporal variability a data set South Africa. In study, water balance model was used reconstruct sets from 1980 through 2018, three sites that represent diverse agroclimatic conditions Additionally, changes examined investigate moisture. results Mann–Kendall test showed non-significant decreasing trend inland stations at rate between -0.001 -0.02 mm per annum. contrast, statistically significant (at 5% level significance) increasing coastal station 0.1131 annum observed. findings suggest Bainsvlei Bronkhorstspruit located region gradually becoming drier as result rainfall air temperature. Mandeni wetter rainfall, despite increase indicate likely change content, although influence will vary with climatic conditions. Therefore, understanding factors affect local scale critical effective strategies.Significance:
 
 Long-term modelled estimates different Africa.
 Results show regions trends temperatures while rainfall.
 This indicates moisture, various be affected differently.
 strategies cope effectively variability.